Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathophysiology

Spinal gout is a form of gout that affects areas of the spine. Gout is a type of inflammatory arthritis that can occur due to a buildup of uric acid. If the body is unable to remove excess uric acid, urate crystals can form around joints, causing pain and inflammation. In severe cases, deposits of uric acid can also form under the skin. These deposits are known as tophi. Without treatment, gout may spread to other areas of the body, including the spine. Spinal gout can cause back pain, weakness, loss of sensation, tingling, and cramping sensations. This article looks at how spinal gout develops, diagnosis, treatment options, and the outlook for people with the condition. According to a 2021 report, spinal gout is a rare form of gout that affects the spine, most commonly the lumbar spine. The report states that spinal gout may affect 22–35% of people, but many cases may go undiagnosed due to a wide range of symptoms and a lack of awareness around the condition. Gout is a kind of inflamm...

As the two-year anniversary of the World Health Organization's March 11, 2020, COVID-19 pandemic declaration approaches, there are a number of questions on the minds of public health professionals and the public. While nobody can speak with 100 percent certainty, the vast majority of public health experts, including those at the Army Public Health Center, agree the future will likely involve a new normal, rather than a return to a pre-COVID-19 world. (U.S. Army Pubic Health Center graphic illustration by Joyce Kopatch) (Photo Credit: Joyce Kopatch) VIEW ORIGINAL ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, Md. — One of the more challenging jobs for any public health pr...

Vaccine development is experiencing a resurgence in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, with companies developing a variety of approaches—including new types of targets, immune boosters and even personalized vaccines—developed for cancers as well as infectious diseases. Here are some of the highlights from vaccine developers presenting at the  Biotech Showcase, January 10–12 and 17–19. 7 Hills Pharma LLC is developing a systemically safe immune stimulant that can activate both cellular and humoral responses, it said, against any antigen. It is poised to launch Phase II studies for geriatric influenza patients and for patients with solid tumors. Dubbed 7HP349, this integrin activator stabilizes cell-to-cell interaction needed for antigen presentation. Upendra Marathi, Ph.D., co-founder, president and CEO, said, "We envision using a small molecule, orally bioavailable, integrin activator atop existing vaccines to boost responses to flu and COVID-19,...

Introduction Organizing pneumonia (OP) is defined as filling of the distal air spaces with buds of granulation tissue progressing from fibrin exudates to lose collagen. 1 This pathological pattern may be encountered in different disease processes, such as infection, infarction, certain treatments (eg, chemotherapy) and immune disorders (eg, connective tissue diseases and graft-versus-host disease). 2,3 According to its causes or associated diseases, OP can be categorized into OP with a determined cause, OP with undetermined causes but underlying specific or relevant conditions and cryptogenic OP (COP). Unfortunately, there is a lack of distinct features among these three groups. 2 The clinical characteristics of OP are similar to those of respiratory infection (with recurrent or persistent fever, dyspnoea, cough, and weakness as the dominant symptoms) and are difficult to differentiate from other pathological processes. The radiological manifestations are also non-specific, exhi...

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When you first get a new diagnosis — any diagnosis — there are a million and a half things on your mind. The to-do lists of specialists to connect with, appointments to make, family members to loop in can be a bit daunting. So, when you get confirmation that you have Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), you may realize really quick that there's a lot of things you don't know yet (and, in some cases, you don't even know the extent of what you don't know!) and that can certainly be intimidating. Related story 5 Simple Ways to Reach Your Money Goals in 2022 But that's why your doctors are there and they want to make the experience as comforting and scare-free as possible. So, to get a bit more insight into what exactly your doctor wants you to know and the conversations they hope to have with pati...

Patients with a lower 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) mental component summary (MCS) were more likely to progress from oligoarticular to polyarticular psoriatic arthritis (PsA), according to a study published in The Journal of Rheumatology . 1 "In the past 2 decades, many new medications have been approved for the treatment of PsA. Many of the randomized controlled trials required 5 tender and swollen joints, whereas others required only 3 tender and swollen joints and had an average of 20 tender and 15 swollen joints; in some jurisdictions, patients with oligoarticular disease (< 5 joints) are not able to receive biologic therapy," investigators explained. "It [was] unclear whether patients with oligoarticular disease differ from those with polyarticular disease and what characteristics predict progression from oligoarticular to polyarticular disease." The Study Newly diagnosed ( ≤ 12 months) patients with 2 or more visits to the University of Toro...

In patients hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia, treatment with usual care plus namilumab, but not infliximab, was associated with greatly decreased C-reactive protein concentrations as well as improved outcomes, according to the results of a recent study published in Lancet Respiratory Medicine . Namilumab is an anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) monoclonal antibody that has been studied in inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and has a good safety profile. Infliximab is a widely used anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) monoclonal antibody, and as such is an important proinflammatory cytokine. Study investigators sought to determine whether the efficacy and safety of these drugs warranted further testing in larger clinical trials. The investigation was based on the hypothesis that recruitment and activation of inflammatory monocytes and macrophages is important in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19. This randomized, mu...

Coughing is one of the top complaints that brings people to their doctor's office, and acute bronchitis, also called a chest cold, is a common culprit. This condition is usually caused by a virus, but it can also be caused by bacteria. In most cases, acute bronchitis resolves on its own. Treatment mainly focuses on managing symptoms and supportive care, such as drinking lots of fluid and resting. Even when the acute bronchitis is caused by bacteria, antibiotics are not recommended and will not help you get better. BakiBG / Getty Images Home Remedies and Lifestyle Supportive care and symptom management are the primary treatment focus for acute bronchitis. In most cases, the infection just has to run its course. Supportive care at home include: Resting and getting plenty of fluids Drinking lots of water, which helps loosen chest congestion Using a humidifier or steam, which helps moisturize the air and loosen your mucus ...